The hours allowed for breastfeeding are not considered hours of actual work and are not paid.Some collective agreements may nevertheless provide a better deal: as in banking, breastfeeding women receive their full salary.

- Transfer  - Your employer can not decide a single mutation under your pregnancy. However, if your health requires, you will be assigned temporarily to another job or your initiative or that of your employer on the advice of doctor.
- Maternity Leave: You are entitled to sixteen weeks of leave minimum six weeks before the expected date of birth and ten weeks later. In case of multiple births, the leave is extended to twelve weeks before birth and twenty-two weeks, for twins, and twenty four weeks before confinement and twenty-two weeks for triplets.

For the third child, your leave to twenty six weeks, eight weeks before childbirth and eighteen weeks.  In case of illness, duration of your maternity leave may be extended on prescription: two weeks before and / or four weeks after the expected date of delivery can be provided.

Maternity leave are treated as time worked: they give the same rights and benefits of seniority.During this period, you are compensated by your fund Social Security, except in the collective agreement if your company provides for the maintenance of wages by the employer.

- Declaration of Pregnancy: Pregnancy and working. There is no obligation on the date of declaration of your pregnancy to your employer. But the more you declare, the sooner you can enjoy the benefits of your situation after the 3rd month gestation (including protection against dismissal). You will anyway tell your employer before you go on maternity leave, otherwise it will be a breach of contract.

This announcement may be made by registered letter with acknowledgment of receipt containing a medical certificate attesting to your status or you can submit the paper by hand against a receipt, proof of the declaration of your pregnancy now.  You must also provide the medical officer job description - pregnancy, which is found in your book of motherhood.

- Dismissal: Pregnant, you benefit from special conditions for protection. The labor law prohibits dismissal of a pregnant woman as soon as pregnancy is diagnosed. This protection runs from the declaration of your status until four weeks after the end of your maternity leave.

There are however, two protection schemes based on the period:
During the period preceding the maternity leave and four weeks that follow, this protection does not apply if the employer can demonstrate serious misconduct against you report your status (eg abuse, etc..) or an inability to maintain your policy for a reason unrelated to pregnancy (in case of business closure, downsizing, etc..).

During your maternity leave, no dismissal can take place. Thus, even if the dismissal is notified at a time when the law permits the termination of the contract may take effect during your maternity leave.

If the employer has notified a dismissal to a woman pregnant, the pregnancy has not been declared, the employee who is pregnant may cancel the dismissal sent by registered mail with acknowledgment of a medical certificate pregnancy within fifteen days of notification of dismissal by the employer. - Leave of absence: You have the right to go away for mandatory medical examinations under the medical supervision of pregnancy and delivery suites. These absences will result in no loss of pay because they are assimilated to periods of actual work.

Sex education programs  - This strategy is the most widely used of the prevention programs implemented in schools. The majority of students benefit but the sex education programs vary from school to school. Overall, 94% target drive to resolve issues concerning sexuality, 77% include the teaching of concepts on reproduction and 40% emphasize abstinence.

Unfortunately, very few programs provide information on contraceptive methods and how to get them. The benefits of this type of traditional sex education show effectiveness in increasing students’ knowledge about the anatomy of man and woman, contraceptive methods (when included in the protocol), the risks of pregnancy and STD. However, the results are less promising in regard to changing sexual behavior and use of effective contraceptive methods. Indeed, it seems that better knowledge does not correspond to more responsible behavior.

In addition, programs with a rigid vision of sexuality, wanting to promote abstinence until marriage, are very ineffective in reducing the time and sex. They prove particularly ineffective in reducing the risks of pregnancy and STDs.  In general, improved contraceptive use is noticed only when specific information to that effect is included in the protocol and when information about AIDS, STDs and modes of transmission of these diseases are discussed.  Finally, the efficacy studies on sex education are few and tend not to show any significant decline in pregnancies among the participants.

Training in problem solving and communication - The premise for the basis of this intervention strategy refers to the fact that young people with little ability to assert or low skills to solve potential problems are more at risk of unwanted pregnancies. Through role playing, group discussion and modeling, teens learn various strategies to refuse unwanted sexual advances to negotiate safely and behaviors of personal security, while acknowledging their vulnerability to the sexual activity.

The programs of effective problem solving are based on the theory of social learning, recognizing the impact of peer influence. Moreover, these programs show young people how to cope with social pressures, while asserting confidently. They emphasize the risks of unprotected sex, while reinforcing behaviors and attitudes of personal protection. Finally, they include activities to promote communication skills and decision making.

Some authors suggest that pregnancy prevention requires five distinct steps, ie, 1) the acquisition and maintenance of design information and contraceptive methods, 2) awareness of its vulnerability to sexual relations, 3) l obtaining contraceptives, 4) communication with partner about contraceptives and 5) proper use of contraceptives. An important point concerns the need for teens to plan and consider their future sexuality to be able to adopt attitudes of personal safety.  Again, the effectiveness of such programs is mixed. However, some studies report benefits such as time of first intercourse, increased use of contraceptives (especially condoms) and lower relations with multiple partners or partners at risk.

Sexually Transmitted Diseases - The risk for sexually active adolescents for STDs is higher than the risk of pregnancy. About three million teenagers contract an STD each year, which corresponds to 25% of sexually active adolescents. Moreover, they represent a quarter of all new cases of STDs per year. Sex, age and number of partners are among the factors influencing the transmission of STDs.

Firstly, women are more at risk than men because their anatomy facilitates the transmission of infections. They are twice as likely to contract gonorrhea, chlamydia and hepatitis B following a single unprotected sex with an infected partner. Then, more adolescents become sexually active at a young age, they are more at risk of contracting an STD. 

On the one hand, because they have fewer antibodies against STDs and secondly, because they are less likely to use contraceptives because of cost and inconvenience associated. In addition, partners of adolescent girls are often older, more experienced and therefore more likely to have an STD.Obviously, a large number of partners is at a higher risk of transmission of STDs. Finally, the implications of these STDs can be very serious, ranging from infertility, cancer, HIV infection and AIDS.

Abortion and adoption - The third of a million teenage pregnancies each year choose to have an abortion (AGI, 1994).Most of them are young and low income that influence this decision. Although married adolescents are more likely to complete their pregnancy, 25% decided however to have an abortion. On the other hand, research shows that teens who choose abortion are more like those who are not pregnant. Indeed, these two groups of adolescents from families of low socio-economic status and they have further aspirations for their future.

Moreover, some teens decide to give their child up for adoption after birth. This decision is influenced by several factors, such as the relationship with the family, attachment to the fetus during pregnancy, family support, cognitive development, participation in activities guided decision making and the opportunity to consider alternatives. It is important to note that adolescents who choose abortion or adoption may experience intense emotions related to bereavement.

Children of teenage parents - Support social and economic limits of teenage unrealistic expectations towards children and parenting, and their immature development predisposing factors contribute to the children of adolescent developmental disabilities and social problems.

First, when families of pregnant adolescents are reluctant to pregnancy, prenatal care are often inadequate, increasing the risk of health problems for the child and the need for frequent hospitalization during the ’childhood.Secondly, the fact that adolescents are immature and often focus on themselves, preventing them from being sensitive to the developmental needs of their child. Furthermore, many children of teen parents show low cognitive abilities, learning disabilities and behavioral problems. They are also more likely to develop adjustment problems and to demonstrate low social skills.

Individual characteristics of adolescents  - Teenagers are generally looking for thrills. They seek pleasure and danger of attempting to explore the world by taking various risks, such as abuse of drugs or alcohol, school failure, dropping out, violence and unprotected sexual activity. Some provisions may explain why these risky behaviors are part of their lives.

Firstly, adolescents have little ability to design the future and anticipate the consequences of their actions. This gap causes a decrease in their motivation to make realistic career choices and to take measures necessary to succeed academically.

Second, adolescents also maintain several stereotyped beliefs and erroneous. They think, for example, that safe sex is not as nice or that there is no risk of pregnancy or STDs if they wash immediately after. Moreover, this leads to neglect behaviors related to the feeling of being untouchable. Indeed, the most widespread belief among adolescents is that events as unfortunate as disease and pregnancy can happen to them. Finally, adolescents often manifest embarrassment and shame when confronted with information about contraception or sexuality.

Finally, one last feature makes adolescents at risk due to the fact that pregnancy and motherhood are seen as signs of independence and detachment from their own parent.Ironically, the emotional and financial dependence usually increases during pregnancy and following childbirth.

Environmental Factors  - These factors relate to education, family values and socio-economic influence sexual activity.Among these, poverty comes first. Indeed, several authors reported that young women with low economic status showed little motivation to avoid pregnancy and then have less recourse to abortion than those from wealthy families. Adolescents often perceive pregnancy as a way of escaping the vicious circle of poverty.

A second environmental factor is the ethnic background of adolescents. In the United States, nearly 20% of African women aged between 15 and 19 become pregnant each year. Compared with Hispanic and adolescents of European origin, the African use less effective contraceptive.In addition, adolescent Hispanic and African tend to carry their pregnancy to term (over 50% of cases), while those of European origin have abortions in more than 60% of cases.

Moreover, several studies report that Hispanics are less concerned about the danger of becoming pregnant, compared to other girls. It seems that a positive attitude towards early pregnancy contributes to increase the pregnancy rate for this population, culturally speaking.

Data from R. Scholler, Monitoring hormonal pregnancy (Medical Encyclopedia and Chrirugicale, Paris, 1980). Caption:WA(Week Amenorrhea = since the first day of your last period) - WP (week of pregnancy) - NR (not given because too small to be measurable)

Fourth month of pregnancy (16 SA - 19 A)
16 SA / 14 SG
22 000
5 500 43 000
17 SA / 15 SG
18 000
4 000 30 000

1 - Definition urine pregnancy test
It can detect the hormone human chorionic gonadotropin in urine by the presence of antibodies that react positively or negatively by displaying a specific color.

2 - Defining pregnancy test by blood
After an appointment with your doctor, he may prescribe a blood test at a laboratory analysis.The principle is the same as for a urine test: detection of the hormone HCG.

3 - Defining pregnancy test saliva
Its main strength lies in its ease of use. Once the pregnancy test is chosen, it is necessary to know precisely its rate of reliability, to avoid any nasty surprises …

The operating principle of pregnancy tests is simple: we verified the presence of the hormone hCG, also known as pregnancy hormone (present only in pregnant women) in the urine of women. If so (or more precisely if there are sufficient for it to be detected), this hormone reacts with specific antibodies present on the test. This shows the little blue strip in case of positive test (according to the marks, symbols differed for positive and negative, be sure to consult the instructions to properly interpret the results).

Many women are choosing simply to stop consumption of alcohol during pregnancy. One reason is simply that they no longer feel pleasure to consume, or that to stop them completely avoid the temptation to take another “one last drink.” Or they make a compromise, just by drinking a glass or two once or twice a week.

Units of alcohol - It can be difficult to assess what a unit of alcohol, since the volume of liquid varies from one drink to another.  Here are some typical drinks which contain a unit of alcohol:
- 1 dose of alcohol in bars (25ml)
- 1 glass of wine (100mls)
- 1 glass of regular beer
- ½ glass of strong beer or cider
- 1 glass of sherry, port, vermouth (55ml)
(1 unit of alcohol = 10g of alcohol) -Using this information, you can estimate the amount of alcohol consumed, even at home.

How to reduce  - Check, or let them control the% of alcohol present on the labels of bottles and cans, and choose those that contain the least.
- Try the wines and beers without alcohol
- Cut his thirst with soft drinks
- Encourage them to sip their drinks and table before taking a sip
- Find it in other ways to relax - let him run a hot bath, made of cuddly, made him listen to music …

If the mother has the habit of drinking a lot, it can be difficult to stop or significantly reduce the dose now she is pregnant. She will need help from yours and that of others, both for his sake and that of the baby. Admitting she has alcohol problems may not be easy. But alcohol addiction can be overcome as any other form of dependence and specialists are ready to help.Talk to your doctor. And above all, support there, always encouraging.

Do not make the mistake of thinking that delivering a smaller child is easier. A smaller baby implies less strength to cope with labor and childbirth, and is more likely to die at that time. And born small can affect their health even during his adult life.

In what way  smoking harms your baby - Each time you pull on a cigarette, the gas that it inspires is carbon monoxide. This gas interferes with the transport of oxygen in the blood and oxygen supply to your baby is reduced.Without a good supply of oxygen, the growth of your baby may be affected.

The nicotine in cigarettes is also harmful  to a teen mother ,or a mother of any age .  It constricts blood vessels in the placenta, which further reduces the amount of oxygen and nutrients that reach your baby. Nicotine also has the effect of speeding up the heartbeat of your baby. Recent studies have shown that nicotine from each cigarette smoked by the mother through the baby and is concentrated in the fluid in which it floats.

While smoking cigarettes with less nicotine, carbon monoxide and tar, it is possible to slightly reduce the effects of smoking on your baby. For many women, smoking has a small leak from the pressures of life every day, and stopping is not easy. But for the sake of your baby you should encourage him to do, or at least diminish.It is never too late to stop when you are pregnant, or to reduce the number or strength of cigarettes. Your baby will feel the benefits immediately.
And of course if you, the future father, a smoker, you should also make the effort to stop, to support the mom of one hand and to minimize the passive smoke. Alcohol crosses the placenta and reaches your baby quickly, and drinking heavily during pregnancy can harm your baby.

When the news hits, if the pregnancy was highly desired by both prospective parents, the joy is often very strong. This child is the fruit of love, and as the symptoms of pregnancy do not disturb the mother is in some sort of second honeymoon, which is offered to the couple. More in love than ever, hugs are common.

Conversely, it is possible that the successful listing disrupt human and that it has other things in mind the desire of his partner. This state may last longer or shorter, as the future father did not find a certain serenity. Fears that can attack can reduce his libido to the lowest.  But most often, the first quarter was a period where you can feel a little frustrated because small inconveniences of pregnancy can calm the libido of the Mom and Dad will remain a little hungry.

During the second quarter, the fat begins to be for good. The breasts of the mother gain in volume, which are not indifferent to some men. Like the belly. In addition, the mother is most often full and radiant with happiness, feel more beautiful than ever and perhaps that his libido is at the top, making it even more desirable in the eyes of his companion.