Pregnancy

<p>Almost all adult on this planet man or woman want to have a biological child sometimes in their lives. A baby makes you powerful, richer, stronger and happier. A baby is a blessing for any parents and makes them want to give to their child only the best things and lots of love, concern and care. We all want only good things for our children, good education, good home and a good life and do anything that stands in our power to accomplish it.

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There are some people who have fertility problems and find it hard to conceive. The main causes of the <strong>fertility problems</strong> are:

-<strong>in women</strong>: pelvic inflammatory disease,  polycystic ovary syndrome,  endometriosis, some sexually transmitted diseases, ovary problems, hormonal problems, immune system problems, lutheal phase defect, fibroids, other uterine problems, surgical complications, uterine muscle problems, poor quality cervical mucous, illness, medications, premature menopause, obesity; etc.

-<strong>in men</strong>: under-developed testes, swollen veins in the scrotum, undescended testes, infections, tuberculosis, exposure to metals, certain medications, injury to the testicles, chronic prostate infection, autoimmunity, obesity, retrograde ejaculation, drugs such as tranquilizers, diseases such as diabetes or multiple sclerosis, neck, bladder or prostate operation, spinal cord injury, sexual difficulty such as impotence, etc.

-<strong>Plus size</strong> women <strong>trying to conceive</strong> have a serious problem and the best way to be able to conceive is to lose weight, but is not recommended to get pregnant immediately after you lost weight, health care providers usually recommend women who lost weight at least 6 months before trying to get pregnant. This alternative will take some time before you get pregnant. The medical explication that health care providers offer us, is that the disorders caused by the extra weight, namely <strong>polycystic ovarian syndrome</strong> and <strong>hypothyroidism</strong> can interfere with your fertility. However, these issues can be overcome, sometimes through weight loss and other times by medication

The disorders that interfere with the conception when <strong>plus size</strong> women are <strong>trying to conceive</strong> are:

-<strong>polycystic Ovary Syndrome - </strong>a common hormonal disorder caused by a disturbance in the reproductive cycle that is caused by numerous cysts on the ovaries. This disorder has the fallowing symptoms: abnormal or absent menstruation cycles and excess androgen hormones. If you are trying to conceive in those conditions you should talk a fertility specialist about fertility treatments options. Is not a easy ride, but if you lose even 5% of your body weight this might make it easy to conceive.

-<strong>hypothyroidism</strong> – this condition is characterized by the fact that the thyroid gland does not produce enough hormones. The hormones produced by the thyroid gland are responsible for controlling the metabolism, that is why the malfunction of the thyroid gland may produce weight gain, can interrupt your menstrual cycle and cause ovulation without an egg preventing the woman to get pregnant. This disorder may be overcome by getting your thyroid hormones under control through medications.

-<strong>Luteal Phase Defect – </strong>is characterized by an irregularity in a women’s menstrual cycle between ovulation and her next period, usually lasting between 10 and 14 days. The organism of women who suffer from this disorder doesn’t produce enough progesterone to form the uterine lining necessary to prepare for a possible pregnancy. The specialist will prescribe you hormone replacement drugs or ovary stimulants to treat this disorder.

-<strong>E</strong><strong>xcess estrogen</strong> – in plus size women disturbs menstruation cycles and causes infertility. For pregnant women, a surplus of estrogen may cause miscarriage or a stillbirth. Other factors that cause the excess estrogen are: a hormonal imbalance, problems with the adrenal glands, too much fat in your diet, and hormone replacement therapy.

Twin pregnancy had become more an more common in the last twenty years, the twin births had increased with 400%. The fertility drugs usually result in twin pregnancies. But, there are cases when women manage to get pregnant with twins without any treatment and are very surprised of the result.

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If a couple, from certain reasons is <strong>trying to conceive twins,</strong> has to know that for example in the United States of America 32 of 1000 births is a twin birth. You have to take in consideration that you have a pretty good chance of having natural twins, only if some factors like: if genetics, your body, your age, the right sperm, and the right egg meet up. The medicine hasn’t found, yet, a way to predict twin births, but nothing is impossible. Theoretically, every woman has a small change to get pregnant with twins.

There are two different types of twins:
<li><strong>identical twins</strong> - come from the same egg, and the egg divides into two pieces allowing two fetuses to develop within the same amniotic sac;<
<li><strong>fraternal twins</strong> - come when two eggs are released and fertilized and each forms just as it would have if there was no other pregnancy at the same time.

The <strong>genetics</strong> influences what type of twins that women have, even if in their family history nobody have had twins before.

The history from the woman’s mother side of the family indicates if she has a higher chance to have twins than usual, if the woman doesn’t have twins in her mother’s family history then she has small chances of developing a twin pregnancy.

Another factor that increases the chances of conceiving twins is the <strong>age</strong>. If a woman is trying to conceive a baby later in life she will have more chances of giving birth to twins then when she was young, because of the fact that the hormones and the release of eggs is often a little off.

The studies show that the <strong>race</strong> is another factor that influences the chances of having twin pregnancy. The African American women are known to have more twin pregnancies than any other race.

Some health care providers and specialist consider that having sex later in the ovulation cycle makes you more prone to have twins, and that eating yams by a woman will increase her chance of having twins.For couples who are trying to conceive twins, here are some recommended strategies based on reader submitted experiences, cited population statistics and “old wives tales”:

-<strong>grow or gain weight</strong> - the American College of Obstetrics and Gynecology correlates the rise in multiple birth rates with rising rates  of obesity (the BMI over 30), witch result in fraternal twins pregnancies;

-<strong>fertility assistance</strong> – reproductive technology, drugs that stimulates ovulation, in vitro fertilization can lead to a multiple pregnancy;

-<strong>have a numerous family</strong> – the increased number of birth will increase the chance of having twins in a subsequent pregnancy;

-<strong>conceive while breastfeeding</strong> – some specialist consider that the chance of twins or multiples is increased if a woman conceives while breastfeeding, other specialist totally disagree and claim that women cannot get pregnant while breastfeeding;

-<strong>get pregnant on birth control pills</strong> – the birth control pills are 99.9% effective, but if the pills aren’t taken consistently, or if the hormonal mix of a particular drug type simply doesn’t provide enough coverage to completely prevent ovulation the chances of having twins increase.

This picture will certainly steals a big smile from you. There are very adorable, charming and funny. How can you not like them or want one?

<p>With a simple search on the Internet you will find numerous teenage stories from teenagers all over the world. I’ve read some in the thing that comes from all stories id the fact that they should have waited for this moment, but they don’t say it like a regret. All the teenage mothers consider the pregnancy and the motherhood extremely hard and they are very thankful to the persons that help them, parents, brothers, sisters, parents in law, friends, grandparents, etc. Nobody has the right to judge nobody.
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Some parents are disappointed when they find out that their teenage daughters are pregnant, other are angry, others are confused, others kick them out of the house, others advise their daughters to make an abortion and other support their daughters no matter what and help them to raise the baby in proper conditions. Many of the teenagers, boys or men who get the teenage girls pregnant run from responsibility and ask the girls to make an abortion or say that this is not their problems. In this world there are probably millions of <strong>teenage pregnancy stories</strong>. There are cases when pregnant teenage girls lose the support of their boyfriend and the support of the parents and decide to make an abortion. There are cases when pregnant teenage girls lose the support of the boyfriend and are supported by the parents who help them to raise the baby.

And there are <strong>teenage pregnancy stories</strong> with happy end when the teenage couple sticks together and raise their baby together. I don’t think it’s easy for any girl to find out that she is pregnant at the age of 15, or 16, or 17, or 18 years. Now, there are cases of little girls or 13-14 years who get pregnant, a child giving birth to another child. Let’s hope that those cases are only exceptional cases, because this is beyond normal.

But, let’s return to our initial subject. The teenage girls who find out that they are pregnant are forced to take a very hard decision that will influence their future. They cannot raise a baby on their one, they will have to drop school, they will have to get a full time job to be able to raise the baby, they will have to give up to their old activities and to dedicate themselves to taking care of the baby, they will have to deal with all the responsibilities that involves the parenthood and many, many other issues.

There are other cases when teenage girls decide to have the baby and then give him/ her for adoption. The teenage girls who decide to keep their babies will face a very difficult period that will certainly make them more mature and responsible. But not all the teenagers have the maturity to think about all the aspects that having a baby at a young age involves and they give birth to the baby and leave him/ her with their parents or simply abandon their babies with no remorse.

Every period of the life has to be lived all the things that it involves: the children should play and have no worry in the world, the teenagers should study, party and start to help their parents, the young adults should work, have fun, start a family, have children, buy a house, the adults should take best care of their families, work, travel, have fun and the elder persons should enjoy their family and what they have accomplished. We should not hurry and enjoy every period of our life with the advantages and disadvantages that it involves.

Pregnancy… an amazing life period, a time for relaxation, healthy lifestyle, romantic walks with your husband, boyfriend, life partner, total spoil, satisfying all your cravings, rediscovering the beauty of the simple and romantic gesture and discovering new very special emotions and feelings. But, because there is always a but, there are some slight inconveniences concerning the pregnancy and those are the pregnancy symptoms, witch aren’t always very pleasant and comfortable for the pregnant women.
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In the following article I will describe <strong>all the pregnancy symptoms</strong> that women experience during the pregnancy. Every woman in different and every woman’s body reacts differently to the pregnancy. Some women experience <strong>all the pregnancy symptoms</strong> and other women experience only some of the pregnancy women.

The pregnancy symptoms may be different from one pregnancy to another on the same woman. According to a old wives tale the symptoms of the pregnancy are different depending on the gender of the baby, you experience certain symptoms when you have a boy and certain symptoms when you have a girl. Some women consider the pregnancy period a hard period and other women consider the pregnancy period a pleasant and easy period.

The symptoms of the pregnancy are:
<strong>Missed period</strong> – is the first and the most obvious pregnancy sign that is known by every woman. This is a possible sign of pregnancy and is the cause that leads women to investigate further to see if they are really pregnant;

<strong>Just “feeling” pregnant</strong> - many women have the so called sixth sense and simply feel they are pregnant;

<strong>Breast Tenderness</strong> – this is one very noticeable early signs of pregnancy, when the breast become tender, swollen, somewhat sore because the body starts preparing the breasts for producing milk; The nipples may feel extra sensitive and become bigger and darken in color;

<strong>Fatigue</strong> – this is another early pregnancy sign, women may feel the need to go to bed early in the evening, find it hard to wake up in the morning and at noon they may feel the need to lie down. Even simply activities may leave you feel wiped out. Those exhaustion states are caused by the changes that your body is going through, plus the increasing levels of hormones;

<strong>Frequent urination</strong> – this symptom is caused by the swelling uterus that puts pressure on the bladder and by the fact that the extra body fluids to be processed by your kidneys and bladder. This is the symptom that pregnant women usually experience through the all pregnancy period;

<strong>Nausea</strong> – this symptom may appear in the first pregnancy week and may take you when you least expect it. Some women experience nausea in the morning, others in the afternoon, others in the evening and others may not experience it at all;

<strong>Dizziness and/ or fainting</strong> – this symptom appears because the fact that the uterus swells and it compresses arteries in your legs, this may drop your blood pressure and make you dizzy. Not all women experience this pregnancy symptom;

<strong>Food cravings or aversion to food</strong> – this is a symptom that all pregnant women experience and everybody has a funny story regarding cravings;

<strong>Sensitivity to aromas</strong> – this is another early symptom of pregnancy, when a favorite aroma, such as the smell of a food or perfume, can make you feel nauseated. This is caused by the estrogen that is flooding your body;

Other pregnancy symptoms that you might experience during your pregnancy period are<strong>: heartburn and/ or constipation</strong>, <strong>mood swings</strong>, <strong>higher body temperature</strong>, <strong>low back pain</strong>, <strong>implantation bleeding</strong>, <strong>bloating and weight gain</strong>.

When a woman is pregnant for the first time or wants to have a baby she is interested to know as many information as possible about all the aspects of a pregnancy. Besides the information about the forming and the development of the baby, the diet that a pregnant woman should fallow, the medical analysis that she has to do, the most appropriate method of giving birth, about the symptoms of the pregnancy, about all the things that a woman should do in order to have a healthy baby, she is interested to know more information about intercourse during the pregnancy and intercourse after the pregnancy.
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The subject of intercourse during pregnancy is a delicate subject for many women, that don’t discuss this with their health care provider, probably because of our culture’s tendency to dissociate expectant mothers from sexuality. Young couples or couples who are expecting their first child want to know if they can have sexual intercourse during pregnancy, if is safe for the baby and for the mother and what is normal during pregnancy concerning this subject. The specialists say that one thing is for sure for the parents to be, meaning that there will be for sure changes in their sex life and the most important thing, the key to a satisfying and safe sexual relationship during pregnancy is the open communication.

According to the health care providers and specialists the sexual intercourse between partners in the case of a normal pregnancy (low-risk for complications such as miscarriage or pre-term labor) is safe during all pregnancy stages. Your health care provider will tell you during your routine check ups if your pregnancy is normal or if you have certain complications. Many pregnant women have moods regarding their desire of having sexual intercourse with their partners during certain stages in the pregnancy. Many women find uncomfortable to have sexual intercourse during the pregnancy because of the extra pounds that they will gain, some consider they aren’t attractive anymore and don’t feel good in their own skins. You must talk with your life partner and decide how to satisfy your need for intimacy experimenting only kissing, caressing, and holding each other, if the women feels so or experiment with other positions for sex to find those that are the most comfortable.

The majority of women loses their desire and motivation to have sexual intercourse during the third and the end of the third pregnancy trimester because of their size, because of the excitement of being mother and probably because they may feel intimidated not to put in danger the safety of the baby.

Doctors identify two risk factors regarding the sexual behavior, namely:

• if your partner is engaged in oral sex, he should not blow into you vagina, because blowing air can cause a blockage of a blood vessel by an air bubble, which can be potentially fatal for mother and child;
• if you don’t have a stable sexual partner, you should not have sexual intercourse with an unknown partner who may have a sexually transmitted disease (herpes, genital warts, chlamydia or HIV). The sexually transmitted diseases may be transmitted to your baby and have potentially severe consequences.

The doctors may identify certain significant complications with your pregnancy and advise you against intercourse.

The risk factors may be:

• threat of miscarriage;
• history of miscarriage;
• history of pre term labor;
• unexplained vaginal bleeding, discharge or cramping;
• leakage of amniotic fluid;
• incompetent cervix;
• multiple fetuses.

The baby is safe during the intercourse into the uterus because is protected by the amniotic sac and the muscles of the uterus.

The ectopic pregnancy or eccyesis represents a complication of the pregnancy, in witch the embryo implants outside the uterus, in the fallopian tube (tubal pregnancy, occurs in 95% of the ectopic pregnancies), in the cervix, in the ovaries or in the abdomen. The ectopic pregnancies are not viable, but in rare exception they can be taken to due term. The ectopic pregnancies can put the mother’s life in danger because of the internal bleeding that may cause.
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The signs of an ectopic pregnancy are either absent or subtle and are similar to the normal pregnancy symptoms. The clinical presentation of the ectopic pregnancy appears at 5 to 8 weeks after the normal menstruation period. For less developed countries, in witch the medical offices, clinics and hospitals don’t have modern technical the later presentation is more common.

The early signs of an ectopic pregnancy are:

• pain in the lower part of the abdomen, and sometimes inflammation ( some women may confuse this symptom with a strong stomach pain, or with a strong cramp);
• pain at the urination ( the pain may be sharp and associated with a sort of pressure in the lower part of the abdomen);
• mild pain and discomfort. (a corpus luteum on the ovary in a normal pregnancy may give very similar symptoms);
• mild vaginal bleeding (an ectopic pregnancy is a false pregnancy and falling levels of progesterone from the corpus luteum on the ovary cause withdrawal bleeding. This sign is similar and is usually confused to the ‘implantation bleed’ of a normal early pregnancy);
• mild pain while having a bowel movement

The women who have an advanced ectopic pregnancy usually experience pain and bleeding.

The women might experience bleeding vaginal and internal, caused by two discrete pathophysiologic mechanisms:

• external bleeding (determined by the falling progesterone levels);
• internal bleeding (determined by the hemorrhage from the affected fallopian tube).

Because of the similar symptoms, at this point the diagnose may be of miscarriage, ectopic pregnancy or early normal pregnancy ( the bleeding to represent the implantation of the fertilized egg into the uterus). The most common diagnosed put by the health care providers at this stage of the pregnancy is pelvic inflammatory disease instead of ctopic pregnancy

The severe medical problems caused by the bleeding of an ectopic pregnancy cause:

• lower back, abdominal, or pelvic pain;
• shoulder pain;
• cramping or  tenderness on one side of the pelvis;

The signs of an ectopic pregnancy can mimic symptoms of other diseases such as appendicitis, other gastrointestinal disorder, problems of the urinary system, pelvic inflammatory disease and other gynaecologic problems.

The causes of an ectopic pregnancy haven’t been identified, but health care providers think that the main risk factors for producing an ectopic pregnancy include:

• pelvic inflammatory disease;
• infertility;
• contraceptive intrauterine devices;
• tubal surgery;
• smoking;
• previous ectopic pregnancy;
• tubal ligation.

It is very important for all women to have regular gynecological check ups in order to detect in time the eventual gynecological problems that women may have and therefore to treat them and avoiding complications.

The ectopic pregnancy or eccyesis represents a complication of the pregnancy, in witch the embryo implants outside the uterus. The ectopic pregnancies are not viable, but in rare exception they can de taken to due term. The ectopic pregnancies can put the mother’s life in danger because of the internal bleeding that may cause. In the case of the ectopic pregnancy, the embryo may implant in the fallopian tube (tubal pregnancy, occurs in 95% of the ectopic pregnancies), in the cervix, in the ovaries or in the abdomen. The ectopic pregnancy may be considered as being a medical emergency and left untreated can led to death.
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The symptoms of the ectopic pregnancy are similar to the ones of a normal pregnancy and may include: missed periods, breast tenderness, nausea, vomiting, or frequent urination. The first signs that signals the fact that something is wrong are pain or vaginal bleeding, pelvis or abdomen pain. The pain may be sharp and stabbing and may concentrate on one side of the pelvis and come and go or vary in intensity.

There are other symptoms that may signal the presence of the ectopic pregnancy, namely:

• vaginal spotting;
• dizziness or fainting;
• low blood pressure;
• lower back pain.

The ectopic pregnancy is caused by the fact that the fertilized egg was enable to get quick enough down to the fallopian tube into the uterus, an infection or inflammation of the fallopian tube may block the way of the fertilized egg to the uterus. The pelvic inflammatory disease witch is usually caused by gonorrhea or Chlamydia, is the most common affection responsible for the blockage of the fallopian tube. Other affections that may cause the blockage of the fallopian tube are: endometriosis, scar tissue from previous abdominal or fallopian surgeries, birth defects (rarely) and abnormal growths can alter the shape of the tube and disrupt the egg’s progress.

The ectopic pregnancy is usually detected with the ultrasound test, the quantitative hCG test and even with a simple pregnancy test.

The treatment for the ectopic pregnancy is variable depending on the fallowing factors: medical stability of the woman, the size and the location of the pregnancy. In the case of ectopic pregnancy discovered in very early stage the treatment may be an injection of methotrexate, which stops the growth of the embryo. In the case of ectopic pregnancy discovered in advanced stage the treatment will be the surgery in order to remove the abnormal pregnancy. The surgery may be done with a large incision across the pelvic area in cases of emergency or extensive internal injury. An alternative to this traditional surgical procedure is the laparoscopy (the health care provider makes a small incision in the lower abdomen and a minuscule video camera and instruments are inserted through these incision and the images of the video camera are shown on a screen in the operating room so that the doctor to see what is inside and remove the ectopic pregnancy), a less invasive surgical procedure.

After the treatment whatever it will be the health care provider will advise you to make several hCG hormone level tests until it will return to zero.

The majority cases of ectopic pregnancies equals to a miscarriage, because there are rare cases of ectopic pregnancies that may be taken to the due term without putting in danger the life and the health of the mother and the baby.

The risk of having another ectopic pregnancy is of approximately 50%. The women who have had an ectopic pregnancy should monitor her second pregnancy to prevent the further evaluation of another ectopic pregnancy.

A molar pregnancy is an abnormal form of pregnancy, wherein a non-viable, fertilized egg implants in the uterus, and thereby converts normal pregnancy processes into pathological ones. A more simple definition, a molar pregnancy is an abnormality of the placenta (afterbirth), caused by a problem when the egg and sperm join together at fertilization. The molar pregnancy or hydatidiform mole is an uncommon and very frightening complication of pregnancy.
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The molar pregnancy can be complete mole or partial mole. In United States of America the incidence of this complication of the pregnancy is about 1 to 1000 cases, in Europe the incidence of this complication of the pregnancy is about 1 to 2000 cases and is more common in other zones like Southeast Asia and Mexico.

The exact cause of this complication is not known exactly, it is believed to be a nutritional deficit like protein or carotene, or an ovular defect.

The physic process of molar pregnancy occurs when the sperm duplicates itself because the egg is either lost or inactivated and lacking genetic information, so because of that there is no fetus, no placenta, no fluid and no amniotic membranes and the uterus is rather filled with the mole that resembles a bunch of grapes. Because there is no placenta in the uterus to receive the blood the women will experience bleeding into the uterine cavity or vaginal bleeding.

The partial mole is caused in the majority of cases by two sperm who fertilize the same egg. In the case of partial mole pregnancy, partial placenta may form, membranes or even a fetus, but the fetus usually has genetic problems.

The main symptoms of the partial mole pregnancy are:

• Increased nausea and vomiting;
• Vaginal bleeding;
• Increased hCG levels;
• Rapidly growing uterus;
• Pregnancy induced hypertension prior to 24 weeks;
• No fetal movement or heart tone detected;
• Hyperthyroidism;
• Pulmonary Embolization;

If you experience any of the symptoms above, consult your health care provider.

Most of the partial molar pregnancies end spontaneously. The partial molar pregnancy is diagnosed by the health care providers when the woman shows them the passes tissues that appear to be grape like, at the ultrasound because of the “snow storm effect” that appears on the screen, the rapid rise of the serial hCG hormone level indicate that further studies should be done because something is wrong.

If doesn’t end for itself, the molar pregnancy is usually removed from the uterus with a D&C procedure. The induction of labor is not a treatment option for the molar pregnancy because of the increased risk of hemorrhage.

After the end of the molar pregnancy, the hCG level needs to be taken several times a week, then once a week until the hCG level is normal for three weeks, then the hCG level needs to be taken every month for 6 months and every two months until a total of one year has passed.

A high level of hCG hormone level combined with an enlarging uterus could indicate a choriocarcinoma.

The health care providers recommend women who have suffered from molar pregnancy not to get pregnant for a period of approximately one year and any contraceptive method can be used in this period with the exception of the intrauterine devices.

Women who have the Rh negative they should receive the Rhogam shot.

<p>During the pregnancy the women should fallow a healthy diet and a healthy lifestyle in order to provide all the proper conditions for the development of the baby. Some women respect the indications of the health care providers and others don’t. The most important thing during the pregnancy is the health of the baby and to give birth to a healthy baby.
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<p>The subject of this article is very interesting <strong>caffeine during pregnancy</strong>. All most all people associate the caffeine only with coffee and, in fact, <strong>caffeine</strong> is a stimulant found in many foods, beverages and some medications, caffeine is naturally produced by a variety of plants and then added in foods and beverages for flavor.
<p>The pregnant women aren’t recommended to consume more than 200 milligrams (mg) of caffeine per day, because a recent study shows that women that consume more than 200 milligrams (mg) of caffeine per day are twice as likely as women who consume no caffeine to have a miscarriage.

<p>The sources of the caffeine are multiple because it may be found in coffee, tea, beverages, sodas, foods and chocolate, coffee-flavored products, such as yogurt and ice cream, chocolate syrup and hot cocoa, so pregnant women or women who try to get pregnant should be aware of which beverages and foods consume in order to limit the daily consume of caffeine.

<p>The products that contain caffeine have different amount of caffeine in their components, for example: <strong>brewed coffee</strong> contains the highest amounts of caffeine of 137 mg per 8-ounce cup, <strong>instant coffee</strong> contains about 76 mg per 8-ounce cup, <strong>caffeinated soda</strong> contains about 37 mg, <strong>chocolate</strong> generally contains low amounts of caffeine, tea contains about 37 mg, etc.

<p>As I said before there are some medicines that contain caffeine, and those medicine who contain caffeine are the medicines that are used to relief the pain relief, migraines, colds and delaying sleep. The pregnant women should not use any medicine during the pregnancy and if they have to take any medicine they should consult their health care provider and avoid consuming the medicines that contain caffeine. Even herbal products, used as medicines contain certain amounts of caffeine and pregnant women should avoid consuming herbal products because their safety in pregnancy has not been studied.
<p>Caffeine is a stimulant that increases the alertness, the blood pressure (slightly), the heart rate and the urine production. Pregnant women may be more sensitive to caffeine because it takes longer to clear caffeine from the body than on persons who aren’t pregnant. During pregnancy, caffeine crosses the placenta and reaches the fetus. Caffeine may <strong>decrease blood flow to the placenta</strong>, which may harm the baby.
<p>The recent studies show two main risks of <strong>caffeine during pregnancy</strong>:
<li>the increased risk of miscarriage on woman who consume more that 200 mg of caffeine every day;
<li>no increased risk of miscarriage on women who consume less then 200 mg of caffeine every day.
<p>According to a Danish study women who drink four or more cups of coffee a day may be at increased risk of having a stillborn baby.
<p>Women should take into consideration all the risk factors that may put in danger the healthy of their babies from foods, drinks, coffee, sweets to cigarettes, drugs, medicines.

There is no doubt about the fact that the pregnancy is a very special period in every woman’s life. Every woman feels accomplished when she gives birth to a child and forgets about all the inconveniences and the problems that she endured during the 9 pregnancy months, or 266 pregnancy days. There is something that will remind the women about the pregnancy, do you guess what? Yes, the extra pounds that the women gain during the pregnancy, some women lose more pounds at the birth of the baby and others lose less at the birth of the baby. This is one of the things that make women sad and frustrated about the pregnancy.
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<p>Even if the pregnancy is one of the <strong>happiest moments</strong> in a woman’s life, in the same time it represents other mixed feelings like <strong>confusion</strong>, <strong>fear</strong>, <strong>sadness</strong>, <strong>stress</strong>, and even <strong>depression</strong>. Between 10% and 20% of women will struggle with some symptoms of <strong>depression</strong> during <strong>pregnancy</strong>, and a quarter to half of these will suffer from major depression. The depression is a illness that affects 1 in 4 women at a point in their lives and sometimes this point in life it happens to be during the pregnancy. Often, this illness is not diagnosed correct during the pregnancy and is diagnosed as being another type of hormonal imbalance. This diagnose may be dangerous for the mother and for the unborn baby. Depression may be treated and managed during the pregnancy, if it’s diagnosed properly.

<p><strong>Depression</strong> during <strong>pregnancy</strong>, or <strong>antepartum depression</strong>, is a mood disorder, meaning a <strong>biological illnesses</strong> that involve changes in brain chemistry. During pregnancy, hormone changes can affect brain chemicals, which are directly related to depression and anxiety.
<p>If a woman experiences some of the fallowing <strong>symptoms</strong> for a period of 2 week or more, then she may suffer from depression:
<li>persistent sadness;
<li>difficulty concentrating;
<li>sleeping too little or too much;
<li>loss of interest in activities that you usually enjoy;
<li>recurring thoughts of death, suicide, or hopelessness;
<li>anxiety;
<li>feelings of guilt or worthlessness;
<li>change in eating habits.

<p>The principal causes of depression can be: relationship problems (this is a very strong factor that may cause an powerful emotional imbalance); history of depression in the family (depression may have affected other persons from the woman’s family and this think to create suffering and to leave sequelae on woman), previous pregnancy loss (a miscarriage may serious affect emotionally the women), stressful life events (stressful life events may create a strong imbalance that may lead to depression), history of abuse or trauma ( the combination between not a very strong person and traumas that she might of suffered during the lifetime may cause depression).
<p>Untreated depression may result in being dangerous to the mother and the baby if the mother’s behavior leads to poor nutrition, drinking, smoking, and suicidal behavior, which can then cause premature birth, low birth weight, and developmental problems.
<p>A woman who suffers from depression doesn’t have the strength or desire to adequately care for herself or her developing baby.
<p>The family and the friends may be a real help to help you treat your depression. In the same time with the family help and support, your health care provider might recommend you some treatment options available for the pregnant woman:
<li>supportgroups;
<li>private psychotherapy;
<li>medication;
<li>light therapy.
<p>The most important thing in fighting with depression is to have a strong will and to want to get help and to be confident in the result of the treatment.
<p>Left untreated depression may have serious effects on your mental state of mind.